Shakes industrializados secam músculos e não gorduras
Consumo da bebida deve ser moderado e não pode substituir refeições
Por Natalia do Vale
Seguir um cardápio balanceado e manter a dieta não é tarefa fácil. Você precisa de tempo e disposição para preparar refeições leves, nutritivas e equilibradas, muitas vezes, isso não é possível em meio à correria do dia a dia. Às vezes mal sobra tempo de mastigar, certo?
É aí que a solução mais fácil aparece: para não ficar sem comer nada ou consumir alimentos calóricos, você substitui sua refeição por um copão de shake e acredita que conseguiu economizar calorias e suprir todas as necessidades nutricionais de que seu corpo precisa para manter-se saudável.
O problema é que a bebida prática e saborosa nem sempre possui a quantidade necessária de vitaminas e sais minerais presentes em uma refeição e trocar o almoço ou o jantar por ela pode deixar sua imunidade em baixa e causar doenças graves, como anemia e disfunções renais.
“O shake é feito à base de leite e por isso carrega nutrientes importantes para o nosso organismo, porém, não apresenta todas as outras vitaminas e sais minerais que devem compor uma refeição balanceada, o que torna a substituição perigosa. O ideal é consumi-lo como complemento e não como refeição”, explica a nutricionista da Unifesp Eliana Cristina de Almeida.
Raio X da bebida
Um teste divulgado em fevereiro deste ano, realizado pela Associação Brasileira de Defesa do Consumidor – Proteste, contestou os benefícios do shakes para a saúde e para a dieta, quando seu uso é contínuo. Além de não possuir a quantidade ideal de nutrientes, a bebida apresenta desequilíbrio nas taxas de vitaminas e sais minerais que possui.
Entre os cinco produtos testados pela Proteste, nenhum apresentava equilíbrio nutricional suficiente. Os shakes testados foram Bio Slim, Diet Shake, Diet Way, Herbalife e In Natura.
Segundo a Proteste, três das cinco marcas analisadas (Diet Shake, Bio Slim e Diet Way), fornecem em seus produtos taxas excessivas de carboidratos e proteínas e gordura a menos do que deveriam, o que pode acarretar na perda de músculos (massa magra) e água em vez de gordura corporal, como prometem as embalagens e as tabelas nutricionais presentes nos rótulos destes produtos.
Sobre estes resultados, as nutricionistas da Nutrilatina, fabricante do Diet Shake, Daniela Tolari, da Herbalife, Lívia Venâncio e a assessoria de imprensa da Bio Slim, afirmam que estão dentro dos padrões estipulados pela Anvisa e pela OMS e que se de fato seus produtos oferecessem riscos à saúde, como sugere a Proteste, certamente não seriam liberados por estes órgãos e que é preciso saber quais critérios foram usados pela Proteste para se chegar a estes resultados, já que, segundo eles, os métodos da pesquisa não foram divulgados. As fabricantes do shake Diet Way e do In Natura não se pronunciaram.
Bomba de proteína
Segundo a Proteste, o consumo excessivo de proteína promovido pelos shakes, não deveria ultrapassar 10 a 15% do valor energético do produto, porém, em média, todas as marcas apresentam 32% de proteína.
A nutricionista da Unifesp, Eliana Cristina de Almeida explica que estes substitutos alimentares usados para emagrecer apresentam alto teor de proteínas exatamente para acelerar a perda de peso, porém, este excesso compromete o metabolismo sobrecarregando algumas funções importantes, como a renal e a hepática: “O excesso de proteínas compromete a ação dos rins e do fígado prejudicando a excreção de substâncias tóxicas e a oxigenação do sangue para manter o metablismo em dia”, explica.
Gordura zero
Quanto a quantidade de gordura, a pesquisa da Proteste mostra que os níveis aparecem muito abaixo do normal em todas as marcas, comprometendo a absorção de vitaminas e a síntese de hormônios: “As vitaminas A, B, E e K só são completamente metabolizadas em conjunto com a ação das gorduras no organismo. Quando não ingerimos gordura suficiente para metabolizá-las, corremos o risco de desenvolver anemia e, em pessoas mais velhas, desnutrição”, afirma a nutricionista da Unifesp.
Cadê as fibras?
Já com relação às fibras, para substituir uma grande refeição, os shakes deveriam ter cerca de 10 gramas por porção, segundo a Proteste, porém nenhum deles chega perto deste valor. “As fibras funcionam como uma vassoura que vai limpando todas as impurezas de nosso corpo, se deixamos de consumi-la por muito tempo, deixamos nosso organismo vulnerável a infecções”, explica Eliana.
Carboidrato, sim!
Uma dieta saudável também precisa de carboidratos, cerca de 50 a 60%, de acordo com a Proteste, mas três dos shakes analisados, Diet Shake, Bio Slim e Herbalife, fornecem mais do que isso. “Ao contrário do que propõem, os shakes, ao fornecerem alto teor de carboidratos, provocam o acúmulo de gordura já que o nosso metabolismo não consegue processá-los de uma vez só, dificultando o emagrecimento“, diz a nutricionista.
Valor calórico que não equivale a uma refeição
Além dos nutrientes necessários para alimentar uma pessoa, uma refeição saudável e equilibrada precisa ter teor calórico compatível com o metabolismo dela para suprir seu gasto calórico diário.
Segundo a Proteste, alguns shakes possuem valor energético baixo – de 190 kcal (Herbalife) a 230 kcal (Diet Shake) – já misturados com leite. Para a nutricionista da Unifesp, o baixo teor calórico faz com que a pessoa perca, a curto prazo, a disposição e o pique já que não tem energia suficiente para gastar, podendo sofrer enjoos e cansaço anormais.
Os shakes proporcionam perda de massa muscular e não de gordura.
Emagrecimento que não funciona
A nutricionista explica que este tipo de suplemento não promove a perda de gordura, e sim de músculos e água, comprometendo a saúde de quem os consome: “sem energia os músculos vão se desgastando e perdemos massa muscular e não gordura. O problema disso é que sem os músculos ficamos sem força para executar nossas atividades em especial, as esportivas”, diz.
Exercícios x shakes
Uma pessoa que substitui suas refeições por shakes e mantém seu ritmo de treino gasta suas reservas de glicose do organismo, perde massa muscular e corre o perigo de ficar desnutrida ou ter uma crise glicêmica. “Se você gasta mais energia do que consome e não tem os nutrientes adequados, fica fraco e sem combustível, daí a baixa na taxa de glicose e os enjoos típicos de quadros de sobrecarga metabólica”, afirma a especialista da Unifesp.
Segundo a nutricionista, as versões caseiras dos shakes são mais saudáveis, porém, mesmo assim eles não devem substituir refeições, mas atuar como complemento.
“Eles são mais saudáveis porque não têm os produtos químicos próprios da industrialização, mas nem por isso são completos o suficiente para substituir o almoço ou jantar. A escolha entre o industrializado e o caseiro vai depender da disponibilidade da pessoa de preparar algo, mas não se deve perder de foco o benefício apenas complementar destas bebidas”,
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